Struggling with the Life Processes chapter? 🤔 Don't worry, we've got you covered! This is your ultimate guide to scoring full marks on this crucial chapter in your Class 10 Science exam.
All the questions here are handpicked and strictly aligned with the latest CBSE syllabus and curriculum. We've analyzed previous year's papers and the newest patterns to bring you a comprehensive list of questions that are most likely to appear in your board exams.
What Will You Find Here?
- All Important Topics Covered: From nutrition in plants and animals to respiration, transportation, and excretion, we've included questions from every key concept. 🌿💨❤️💧
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Variety of Question Types: Get ready to practice everything you need for the exam:
- Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)
- Assertion-Reason Questions
- Very Short and Short Answer Questions
- Long Answer Questions
- Case-Based/Source-Based Questions
- Critical thinking based questions
- Board Exam Focused: These questions are designed to help you understand how to write perfect answers, manage your time effectively, and boost your overall score.
So, what are you waiting for? Dive in, start practicing, and get ready to ace your biology exam! Good luck! 👍
A Comprehensive MCQ Bank for Class 10 Life Processes
This document provides a curated set of 50 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) designed to cover the core concepts of the Class 10 Science chapter, "Life Processes." The questions are structured to assess a range of cognitive skills, from foundational knowledge recall to the application and analysis of complex biological systems. The bank is organized into four distinct sections, mirroring the fundamental life processes: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion, to facilitate targeted study and comprehensive revision.
Section 1: Nutrition
This section focuses on the diverse mechanisms by which organisms obtain and process external energy sources. The questions progress from foundational definitions to the intricate biochemical pathways in both plants and animals.
1. What is the most fundamental reason living organisms require a continuous input of energy through life processes?
a) To facilitate movement and growth.
b) To counteract the natural tendency towards disorder and breakdown of their organized structures.
c) To carry out reproduction.
d) To respond to environmental stimuli.
Answer: (b) To counteract the natural tendency towards disorder and breakdown of their organized structures.
2. Which of the following is NOT considered a fundamental life process essential for maintaining an organism's life?
a) Nutrition
b) Respiration
c) Communication
d) Excretion
Answer: (c) Communication.
3. What is the primary role of chlorophyll during photosynthesis?
a) To absorb light energy from the sun.
b) To split water molecules into hydrogen and oxygen.
c) To reduce carbon dioxide into carbohydrates.
d) To store the synthesized carbohydrates.
Answer: (a) To absorb light energy from the sun.
4. The balanced chemical equation for photosynthesis is 6CO₂ + 12H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ + 6H₂O. Where does the oxygen (O₂) released during this process come from?
a) The breakdown of carbon dioxide (CO₂).
b) The splitting of water molecules (H₂O).
c) The breakdown of glucose C₆H₁₂O₆.
d) The air absorbed through the stomata.
Answer: (b) The splitting of water molecules (H_2O).
5. Desert plants have adapted to arid conditions by modifying the photosynthetic process. How do they typically manage the trade-off between CO₂ uptake and water loss?
a) They perform photosynthesis only at night.
b) They keep their stomata open throughout the day to maximize CO₂ intake.
c) They take up CO₂ at night and perform the light-dependent reactions during the day.
d) They absorb water through their leaves instead of their roots.
Answer: (c) They take up CO₂ at night and perform the light-dependent reactions during the day.
6. What is the function of guard cells in a plant leaf?
a) To synthesize chlorophyll.
b) To control the opening and closing of stomata.
c) To transport water from the roots to the leaves.
d) To store starch.
Answer: (b) To control the opening and closing of stomata.
7. Organisms like bread mould, yeast, and mushrooms obtain nutrition by breaking down food materials outside their body and then absorbing the nutrients. What is this mode of nutrition called?
a) Parasitic nutrition
b) Holozoic nutrition
c) Autotrophic nutrition
d) Saprophytic nutrition
Answer: (d) Saprophytic nutrition.
8. An Amoeba ingests a food particle by surrounding it with temporary finger-like projections. What are these projections and the resulting structure called?
a) Cilia; food vacuole
b) Flagella; contractile vacuole
c) Pseudopodia; food vacuole
d) Villi; lysosome
Answer: (c) Pseudopodia; food vacuole.
9. Which of the following represents the correct sequence of organs in the human alimentary canal?
a) Mouth → stomach → small intestine → oesophagus → large intestine
b) Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → large intestine → small intestine
c) Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine
d) Mouth → stomach → oesophagus → small intestine → large intestine
Answer: (c) Mouth → oesophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine.
10. The digestion of which component of food begins in the mouth due to the action of salivary amylase?
a) Proteins
b) Fats
c) Starch
d) Vitamins
Answer: (c) Starch.
11. What is the primary role of hydrochloric acid (HCl) in the stomach?
a) To digest fats into fatty acids and glycerol.
b) To protect the stomach lining from digestive enzymes.
c) To create an acidic medium for the enzyme pepsin to act.
d) To break down carbohydrates into simple sugars.
Answer: (c) To create an acidic medium for the enzyme pepsin to act.
12. The inner lining of the stomach is protected from its own acidic secretions by a substance. What is this protective substance?
a) Pepsin
b) Bile
c) Trypsin
d) Mucus
Answer: (d) Mucus.
13. Bile juice, produced by the liver, plays a crucial role in digestion. What is its specific function in the small intestine?
a) To digest proteins into amino acids.
b) To break down large fat globules into smaller ones (emulsification).
c) To provide an acidic medium for enzymes.
d) To digest carbohydrates into glucose.
Answer: (b) To break down large fat globules into smaller ones (emulsification).
14. The complete digestion of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats occurs in which part of the alimentary canal?
a) Stomach
b) Small intestine
c) Large intestine
d) Liver
Answer: (b) Small intestine.
15. The inner wall of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi. What is the primary purpose of these villi?
a) To secrete digestive enzymes.
b) To increase the surface area for absorption of digested food.
c) To move the food forward through peristalsis.
d) To produce mucus to lubricate the food.
Answer: (b) To increase the surface area for absorption of digested food.
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Section 2: Respiration
This section covers the biochemical processes of energy release from food at the cellular level and the physiological processes of gas exchange at the organism level.
16. What is the initial step in the breakdown of glucose that occurs in the cytoplasm of all living cells, regardless of the presence of oxygen?
a) Krebs cycle
b) Glycolysis (breakdown of glucose into pyruvate)
c) Fermentation
d) Electron transport chain
Answer: (b) Glycolysis (breakdown of glucose into pyruvate).
17. In the absence of oxygen in yeast, what are the end products of the breakdown of pyruvate?
a) Lactic acid and energy
b) Carbon dioxide, water, and energy
c) Ethanol, carbon dioxide, and energy
d) Acetic acid and energy
Answer: (c) Ethanol, carbon dioxide, and energy.
18. During vigorous physical activity, muscle cells may experience a lack of oxygen. What is pyruvate converted into under these anaerobic conditions, leading to muscle cramps?
a) Ethanol
b) Lactic acid
c) Carbon dioxide and water
d) ATP and oxygen
Answer: (b) Lactic acid.
19. Which process of cellular respiration releases the most amount of energy from a single molecule of glucose?
a) Aerobic respiration in mitochondria
b) Anaerobic respiration in yeast
c) Lactic acid formation in muscle cells
d) Glycolysis in the cytoplasm
Answer: (a) Aerobic respiration in mitochondria.
20. What is the primary energy currency molecule synthesized during cellular respiration, used to power most cellular activities?
a) Glucose
b) Pyruvate
c) ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate)
d) ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
Answer: (d) ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate).
21. What is the correct pathway for air entering the human respiratory system during inhalation?
a) Nostrils → Pharynx → Larynx → Bronchi → Trachea → Alveoli
b) Nostrils → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli
c) Nostrils → Larynx → Pharynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli d) Nostrils → Trachea → Pharynx → Larynx → Bronchi → Alveoli
Answer: (b) Nostrils → Pharynx → Larynx → Trachea → Bronchi → Alveoli.
22. The trachea is supported by rings of cartilage. What is the function of these rings?
a) To filter the air entering the lungs.
b) To warm the air before it reaches the lungs.
c) To prevent the air passage from collapsing.
d) To produce sound.
Answer: (c) To prevent the air passage from collapsing.
23. During inhalation, what mechanical changes occur in the chest cavity?
a) The diaphragm moves up and the ribs move down and inward.
b) The diaphragm moves down and the ribs move up and outward.
c) The diaphragm and ribs both move down.
d) The diaphragm and ribs both move up.
Answer: (b) The diaphragm moves down and the ribs move up and outward.
24. Where does the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the air and blood take place in the lungs?
a) Trachea
b) Bronchi
c) Alveoli
d) Diaphragm
Answer: (c) Alveoli.
25. What is the name of the respiratory pigment in human red blood cells that has a high affinity for oxygen?
a) Chlorophyll
b) Myoglobin
c) Haemoglobin
d) Cytochrome
Answer: (c) Haemoglobin.
26. Diffusion is insufficient to meet the oxygen demands of large multicellular organisms like humans. Why is a specialized respiratory and circulatory system necessary?
a) Because diffusion is too slow to transport oxygen to all the body's cells efficiently.
b) Because human cells cannot absorb oxygen directly through their membranes.
c) Because the atmospheric pressure is too low for diffusion to occur.
d) Because diffusion only works for carbon dioxide, not oxygen.
Answer: (a) Because diffusion is too slow to transport oxygen to all the body's cells efficiently.
27. How do plants primarily exchange gases like oxygen and carbon dioxide with the atmosphere?
a) Through lenticels on the stem.
b) Through the general surface of the roots.
c) Through stomatal pores on the leaves.
d) Through the phloem tissue.
Answer: (c) Through stomatal pores on the leaves.
Section 3: Transportation
This section explores the systems responsible for moving essential substances like water, nutrients, and gases, and removing wastes within an organism.
28. Which plant vascular tissue is responsible for the transport of water and minerals from the roots to the rest of the plant?
a) Phloem
b) Xylem
c) Epidermis
d) Cambium
Answer: (b) Xylem.
29. The movement of food, such as sucrose, from the leaves to other parts of the plant is called translocation. Which tissue is responsible for this process?
a) Xylem
b) Phloem
c) Cortex
d) Parenchyma
Answer: (b) Phloem.
30. What is the primary driving force that creates a suction pull for the upward movement of water in the xylem of tall trees?
a) Root pressure
b) Osmosis in the root cells
c) Transpiration from the leaves
d) Active transport by xylem cells
Answer: (c) Transpiration from the leaves.
31. Unlike water transport in xylem, translocation of food in phloem is an active process. What does this mean?
a) It occurs only during the day.
b) It does not require any specialized cells.
c) It requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP.
d) It is driven purely by physical forces like diffusion.
Answer: (c) It requires the expenditure of energy in the form of ATP.
32. Which component of human blood is primarily responsible for transporting oxygen?
a) Plasma
b) White blood cells (WBCs)
c) Platelets
d) Red blood cells (RBCs)
Answer: (d) Red blood cells (RBCs).
33. Which of the following correctly compares arteries and veins?
a) Arteries have thin walls and valves, while veins have thick walls and no valves.
b) Arteries carry deoxygenated blood, while veins carry oxygenated blood.
c) Arteries carry blood away from the heart and have thick walls, while veins carry blood towards the heart and have valves.
d) Arteries have a wide lumen, while veins have a narrow lumen.
Answer: (c) Arteries carry blood away from the heart and have thick walls, while veins carry blood towards the heart and have valves.
34. What is the primary function of blood platelets?
a) To fight infection.
b) To transport carbon dioxide.
c) To help in blood clotting.
d) To carry hormones.
Answer: (c) To help in blood clotting.
35. In which type of blood vessel does the exchange of materials like oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and body cells actually occur?
a) Arteries
b) Veins
c) Capillaries
d) Aorta
Answer: (c) Capillaries.
36. What is the role of the lymphatic system in circulation?
a) To pump blood throughout the body.
b) To produce red blood cells.
c) To collect interstitial fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream.
d) To transport oxygen to the muscles.
Answer: (c) To collect interstitial fluid from tissues and return it to the bloodstream.
37. Which chamber of the human heart receives oxygenated blood from the lungs via the pulmonary vein?
a) Right atrium
b) Right ventricle
c) Left atrium
d) Left ventricle
Answer: (c) Left atrium.
38. What prevents the backflow of blood inside the heart chambers?
a) The thick muscular walls of the ventricles.
b) The septum separating the left and right sides.
c) The valves located between the atria and ventricles, and in the major arteries.
d) The rhythmic contraction of the heart muscle.
Answer: (c) The valves located between the atria and ventricles, and in the major arteries.
39. The term "double circulation" in humans means that blood passes through the heart twice for each complete circuit of the body. What is the main advantage of this system?
a) It allows for faster pumping of blood.
b) It ensures the complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, allowing for a more efficient supply of oxygen to the body.
c) It helps in maintaining a constant body temperature.
d) It reduces the pressure on the walls of the heart.
Answer: (b) It ensures the complete separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood, allowing for a more efficient supply of oxygen to the body.
40. Which of the following correctly traces the path of oxygenated blood starting from the lungs?
a) Lungs → Pulmonary artery → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta
b) Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Aorta
c) Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta
d) Lungs → Pulmonary artery → Right atrium → Right ventricle → Aorta
Answer: (c) Lungs → Pulmonary vein → Left atrium → Left ventricle → Aorta.
Section 4: Excretion
This final section addresses the removal of metabolic wastes, contrasting the simpler methods in plants with the complex, highly specialized system in humans.
41. Plants do not have a specialized excretory system like animals. Which of the following is a method used by plants to get rid of waste products?
a) Excreting urea into the soil.
b) Storing waste in leaves that are later shed.
c) Filtering waste through a specialized kidney-like organ.
d) Pumping waste out through the phloem.
Answer: (b) Storing waste in leaves that are later shed.
42. Besides gaseous wastes and water, plants also excrete some solid or semi-solid wastes. Which of the following are examples of such waste products?
a) Glucose and starch b) Gums and resins c) Chlorophyll and carotenoids d) Amino acids and proteins Answer: (b) Gums and resins. 43. What is the basic functional and structural unit of the human kidney responsible for filtering blood and forming urine? a) Ureter
b) Neuron
c) Alveolus
d) Nephron
Answer: (d) Nephron.
44. The human excretory system consists of a pair of kidneys, a pair of ureters, a urinary bladder, and a urethra. What is the function of the ureters?
a) To filter waste from the blood.
b) To store urine.
c) To carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
d) To expel urine from the body.
Answer: (c) To carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder.
45. What is the first step in the process of urine formation, which occurs in the glomerulus?
a) Tubular secretion
b) Selective reabsorption
c) Glomerular filtration (Ultrafiltration)
d) Micturition
Answer: (c) Glomerular filtration (Ultrafiltration).
46. During glomerular filtration, blood is filtered under high pressure. Which of the following substances are normally retained in the blood and do not pass into the Bowman's capsule?
a) Glucose and amino acids
b) Water and salts
c) Urea and uric acid
d) Large proteins and blood cells
Answer: (d) Large proteins and blood cells.
47. After filtration, the filtrate passes through the renal tubule. What happens during the process of selective reabsorption?
a) All the water from the filtrate is returned to the blood.
b) Only waste products are reabsorbed into the blood.
c) Useful substances like glucose, amino acids, and most water are reabsorbed back into the blood.
d) Waste products are secreted from the blood into the filtrate.
Answer: (c) Useful substances like glucose, amino acids, and most water are reabsorbed back into the blood.
48. The amount of water reabsorbed in the kidney tubules depends on:
a) The amount of protein in the diet.
b) The speed of blood flow through the glomerulus.
c) The amount of excess water in the body and the quantity of dissolved waste to be excreted.
d) The atmospheric temperature.
Answer: (c) The amount of excess water in the body and the quantity of dissolved waste to be excreted.
49. The process of urine formation involves non-selective filtration followed by highly selective reabsorption. What is the primary advantage of this "filter first, reabsorb later" strategy?
a) It requires less energy than selectively removing wastes.
b) It ensures that all small waste molecules, including unknown toxins, are removed from the blood before the body reclaims essential substances.
c) It helps to increase blood pressure in the kidneys.
d) It is the only way to reabsorb water back into the bloodstream.
Answer: (b) It ensures that all small waste molecules, including unknown toxins, are removed from the blood before the body reclaims essential substances.
50. In case of kidney failure, a patient's blood can be cleaned using a machine in a process called haemodialysis. The dialysing fluid used has the same composition as blood plasma, except that it lacks:
a) Glucose and salts
b) Water and amino acids
c) Nitrogenous wastes like urea
d) Red blood cells
Answer: (c) Nitrogenous wastes like urea.
