Get solved answers to the top 50 competency-based questions for CBSE Class 10 Life Processes. Covers Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion.
Nutrition 🍎
Case Study: A student sets up an experiment with two potted plants, A and B. Plant A is kept in a room with continuous light. Plant B is kept in a dark room. Both are watered regularly. After 48 hours, a starch test is performed on a leaf from each plant. Predict the results and justify your prediction based on the process of photosynthesis.
Diagram Analysis: Observe the diagram of the human digestive system. A person's gall bladder is surgically removed due to stones. What immediate effect will this have on their digestion, particularly the digestion of fats? Explain your reasoning.
Assertion (A) & Reason (R):
A: The inner lining of the small intestine has numerous finger-like projections called villi.
R: Villi increase the surface area for the absorption of digested food. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
Application: Why is it advised not to talk while eating? Relate your answer to the function of the epiglottis.
Critical Thinking: If the saliva in a person's mouth lacks salivary amylase, which component of their food will be directly affected in the mouth? How would this impact the overall process of digestion?
Inference: A potted plant is coated with a layer of Vaseline on both sides of its leaves. What will be the immediate effect on the rate of photosynthesis and why?
Data Interpretation: A graph shows the rate of photosynthesis at different light intensities. It is observed that the rate increases up to a certain point and then becomes constant. What could be the limiting factors that prevent the rate from increasing further, even when light intensity is increased?
Problem Solving: An athlete is advised to eat foods rich in carbohydrates rather than proteins just before a race. Why?
Assertion (A) & Reason (R):
A: Carnivores like tigers have a shorter small intestine than herbivores like cows.
R: Meat is easier to digest than cellulose present in grass. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: What is the role of HCl in our stomach? Mention two functions.
Analysis: How do guard cells regulate the opening and closing of stomatal pores? Explain the mechanism involving water movement.
Real-world Connection: Why do bread and other starchy foods taste slightly sweet after chewing for some time?
Respiration 😮💨
Scenario-Based: During a strenuous physical activity like running, an athlete often experiences muscle cramps. What is the biochemical process leading to this, and how does it differ from normal aerobic respiration?
Diagram Interpretation: The given diagram shows the human respiratory system. Trace the path of a molecule of oxygen from the nostrils to the alveoli. What would happen if the rings of cartilage were absent in the trachea?
Assertion (A) & Reason (R):
A: The walls of the alveoli are very thin and are richly supplied with blood capillaries.
R: This structure facilitates the efficient exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
Comparative Analysis: Differentiate between aerobic and anaerobic respiration based on three key aspects: oxygen requirement, end products, and amount of energy released.
Application: Why do aquatic animals like fish have a much faster breathing rate than terrestrial animals like humans?
Critical Thinking: A person is found to have a lower-than-normal concentration of haemoglobin in their blood. How would this affect their body's energy production?
Experiment-Based: In an experiment to show that carbon dioxide is produced during respiration, why is it necessary to pass the air through lime water before it enters the flask containing the germinating seeds?
Explanation: What is the role of the diaphragm in the process of inhalation and exhalation?
Assertion (A) & Reason (R):
A: Respiration is considered an exothermic process.
R: The breakdown of glucose during respiration releases energy. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
Inference: How is the small amount of carbon dioxide transported in the blood compared to the much larger amount of oxygen?
Problem-Solving: If a person travels to a high-altitude region, they might feel breathless initially. How does the body acclimatize to this change over a period of time?
Conceptual: Yeast is used in the baking industry to make bread dough rise. Which respiratory pathway is responsible for this, and what product causes the dough to rise?
Transportation ❤️
Case Study: A patient's ECG report shows irregular heartbeats. A doctor diagnoses a problem with the "pacemaker" of the heart. Which part of the heart is the doctor referring to, and what is its function?
Diagram Analysis: Observe the given diagram of a double circulatory system in humans. Why is it necessary to separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood? How does this separation benefit the organism?
Assertion (A) & Reason (R):
A: Arteries are thick-walled and elastic blood vessels.
R: Blood flows under high pressure from the heart through the arteries. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
Application: What is the function of platelets in the blood? What would be the consequence if a person's platelet count is very low?
Critical Thinking: Explain the process of transpiration in plants. How does this process help in the upward movement of water from the roots to the leaves?
Inference: Why do veins have valves, whereas arteries do not?
Data Interpretation: A blood pressure reading for a healthy adult is given as 120/80 mm Hg. What do the two numbers, 120 and 80, represent?
Problem Solving: What is translocation in plants? Why is it essential, and which tissue is responsible for it?
Assertion (A) & Reason (R):
A: The transportation system in plants is slower than in animals.
R: Plants are less active and have lower energy needs compared to animals. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
Explanation: What are the components of the transport system in highly organized plants? State the function of each.
Analysis: Lymph is another type of fluid involved in transportation. How is it formed, and what are its main functions?
Real-world Connection: During winter, a gardener applies a thick layer of mulch around the base of plants. How does this help the plant, linking your answer to the process of water absorption by roots?
Excretion 🚽
Scenario-Based: A person is diagnosed with complete kidney failure. The doctor advises them to undergo dialysis. Briefly explain the principle and procedure of haemodialysis.
Diagram Interpretation: The diagram shows a single nephron. Identify the parts where selective reabsorption and tubular secretion occur. What is the significance of selective reabsorption?
Assertion (A) & Reason (R):
A: The main purpose of urine formation is to filter out nitrogenous wastes like urea from the blood.
R: The kidneys are the primary excretory organs in humans. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
Comparative Analysis: How is the process of excretion in plants different from that in animals? List three ways.
Application: On a hot summer day, the volume of urine produced is less, and it is more concentrated. Explain the physiological reason behind this observation.
Critical Thinking: What are the methods used by plants to get rid of their excretory products?
Inference: What would happen if the Bowman's capsule in a nephron was damaged? How would this affect the composition of urine?
Explanation: Name the functional unit of the kidney. Describe its structure with the help of a simple diagram.
Assertion (A) & Reason (R):
A: In healthy individuals, glucose is completely reabsorbed from the glomerular filtrate.
R: The presence of glucose in urine is an indicator of diabetes mellitus. (a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (c) A is true but R is false. (d) A is false but R is true.
Problem-Solving: If a person drinks a lot of water, how will it affect the volume and concentration of their urine?
Conceptual: What is osmoregulation? How do the kidneys help in maintaining it?
Analysis: Gums, resins, and latex are waste products of plants. How are these products useful to the plant itself and to humans?
Connection: How is the colour of urine related to the level of hydration in the body?
Overall Synthesis: Trace the journey of a molecule of urea from the liver where it is formed to the point where it is expelled from the body. Name the key organs and transport fluids involved in this pathway.
Conclusion
This page is a comprehensive educational resource for Class 10 students studying the CBSE chapter on Life Processes. It features a curated list of 50 competency-based questions designed to test analytical and application skills. Each question is paired with a detailed, easy-to-understand answer, covering all four core topics: Nutrition, Respiration, Transportation, and Excretion. The content aligns strictly with the latest NCERT syllabus and includes various question formats like case studies, assertion-reasoning, and diagram analysis, making it an ideal tool for thorough board exam preparation
